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Resources
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R1: Çavdar, T. (1995). Türkiyenin Demokrasi Tarihi 1839-1950, İmge Yayınları, İstanbul.
R2: Tunaya, T. (1998). Türkiyede Siyasal Partiler, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
R3: Berkes, N. (1978). Türkiye?de Çağdaşlaşma, YKY, İstanbul.
R4: Güneş, İ. (1997). Türk Parlamento Tarihi, TBMM Yayınları, Eskişehir.
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Content
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The concept of democracy and non-democratic systems. Social, economic and cultural foundations of democratization, transformations forming the legal framework in line with the sharing of sovereignty; Shari`i Hüccet Sened-i İttifak and Tanzimat Edict. Establishment of assemblies and the participation of the people in the administration. The struggles of Ottoman intellectuals for democratic rights and freedom, the transition to the Constitutional Monarchy. Preparation of the first Constitution, the Kanun-i Esasi, and the administration of the Constitutional Monarchy. The suspension of the Ottoman Parliament, the organized struggle of the Ottoman intellectuals, and the establishment of societies. II. The proclamation of the Constitutional Monarchy and the formation of political parties. Transition to the Republican administration and the Single Party administration. Struggles for Transition to Multi-Party System and Political Parties.
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